NAME Return::Value - Polymorphic Return Values SYNOPSIS use Return::Value; sub send_over_network { my ($net, $send) = @_: if ( $net->transport( $send ) ) { return success; } else { return failure "Was not able to transport info."; } } my $result = $net->send_over_network( "Data" ); # boolean unless ( $result ) { # string print $result; } sub build_up_return { my $return = failure; if ( ! foo() ) { $return->string("Can't foo!"); return $return; } if ( ! bar() ) { $return->string("Can't bar"); $return->prop(failures => \@bars); return $return; } # we're okay if we made it this far. $return++; return $return; # success! } DESCRIPTION Polymorphic return values are really useful. Often, we just want to know if something worked or not. Other times, we'd like to know what the error text was. Still others, we may want to know what the error code was, and what the error properties were. We don't want to handle objects or data structures for every single return value, but we do want to check error conditions in our code because that's what good programmers do. When functions are successful they may return true, or perhaps some useful data. In the quest to provide consistent return values, this gets confusing between complex, informational errors and successful return values. This module provides these features with a simple API that should get you what you're looking for in each contex a return value is used in. Functions The functional interface is highly recommended for use within functions that are using "Return::Value"s. success failure Methods The object API is useful in code that is catching "Return::Value" objects. new my $return = Return::Value->new( bool => 0, string => "YOU FAIL", prop => { failed_objects => \@objects, }, ); Creates a new "Return::Value" object. You can set the following options. "bool", the boolean representation of the result. Defaults to false. "errno", the error number. Defaults to 1 or 0 based on the value of "bool". "string", the string representation of the result. "data", data associated with the result, usually for success. "prop", properties assigned to the result. bool print "it worked" if $result->bool; Returns a boolean describing the result as success or failure. errno print "it worked" if $result->errno == 0; Returns an errno for the result. string print $result->string unless $result->bool; Returns a boolean describing the result as success or failure. data if ( $result->bool ) { my $data = $result->data; print foreach @{$data}; } Returns the data structure passed to it. prop printf "%s: %s', $result->string, join ' ', @{$result->prop('strings')} unless $result->bool; Returns the return value's properties. Accepts the name of a property retured, or returns the properties hash reference if given no name. Overloading Several operators are overloaded for "Return::Value" objects. They are listed here. Stringify print "$result\n"; Stringifies to the "string" representation. Boolean print $result unless $result; Returns the "bool" representation. Numeric Also returns the "bool" value.